Formal Wine Tasting – Part One of Three
Staff Writer - August 23, 2003

Visual ExaminationOlfactory ExaminationTaste Examination

The formal tasting of any food product including wine, is an analytical process that requires the use of the senses of sight, smell, and taste to isolate and define the subject's visual, olfactory and gustatory characteristics and/or properties. The act of drinking wine is truly different from a formal tasting. Formal tasting is a process that follows a structured, precise methodology in three phases and is aimed at producing a disciplined assessment of the perceived sensations.

This is the first of a three-part article in which we analyze the three steps of formal wine tasting: the visual examination, the olfactory examination and finally, the examination of taste. Let's get started with the first installment.

Visual Examination

The visual examination is the first approach to assessing a wine and provides information about the production technique used, its state of evolution, alterations and possible progressive deterioration. This examination analyzes specifically color and limpidity, in addition to effervescence in the case of sparkling wines.

Check out the definitions of color, limpidity and effervescence below to increase your wine vocabulary.

Color

Soft Straw Yellow

The tonality of white wines that are very young, and have light body and alcohol content. The tint can be an indication of a defective wine due to excessive filtration or abundance of clarifying agents.

Straw Yellow with Green Nuances

Some types of white wines have greenish reflections due to the presence of chlorophyll, especially when very young. These wines retain the green pigment of the grape.

Straw Yellow

The degree of intensity of color varies according to the stage of evolution of the wine.

Golden Yellow

The color tone of wines with a characteristic yellow color that comes either from the grape variety, the grape selection and/or the enology employed.
Fading golden yellow color may be indications of the stage of evolution of straw yellow wines and indicates oxidation.

Yellow Amber

The amber tint is typical of wines made from partly-dried grapes or fortified versions of wines.
Straw yellow wines may develop an amber hue and loss of quality due to oxidation.

Pink

The color of wines having a reddish color with soft reflections. The tonalities of pink vary depending on how long the grape skins were left in with the wine during the crushing and/or the intensity of the grape variety color.

Slightly Pink

Wines with soft, red color, almost transparent, vivacious, with ruby tendencies.

Cherry Red

Wines with a characteristic hue of red reminiscent of cherries.

Purplish-Red

Wines with a deep, red color with purple reflections reminiscent of a cardinal's robe. The purple reflections are more evident toward the edge of the glass.

Ruby Red

The common generic color of red wines.

Garnet

Color similar to pomegranat seedse. Typical of mature red wines with noteworthy structures.

Reddish-Orange

Color of mature wines with remarkable body structure.

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Limpidity

The purpose of this examination is to determine the clarity of a wine.

Bright

Wine that reflects vividly the light directed at it.

Very Limpid

Describes a wine with perfect limpidity and transparency.

Limpid

Wine with good transparency but little luminosity.

Fairly Limpid

Wine that may have a slight opalescence.

Veiled

Wine whose limpidity is darkened by large particles in suspension that may or may not be visible to the naked eye.

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Effervescence (only for sparkling wines)

The evaluation parameters for the effervescence are finesse of bubbles, number of bubbles and persistence of the perlage, or the strings of bubbles.

When the bubbles are present in large number and are extremely fine, the perlage is persistent and the wine quality can be regarded as good, whether it was made by the Classic (Champenois) method or the Charmat method.

Low ratings indicate that the wine was probably forced to sparkle by adding carbon dioxide.

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Finesse of the Bubbles

Classic Method, or (Champenois)

  • Very Fine
  • Fine

Charmat Method – Both Dry and Sweet

  • Fine
  • Medium
  • Rather Large
  • Large

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Number of Bubbles

Very Numerous

A substantial number of bubbles is an attribute of the best sparkling wines.

Numerous

Quality sparkling wines and/or Spumante.

Fairly Numerous

Medium quality sparkling wines and/or Spumante.

Sparse

The wine was left laying for too long.

Very Sparse

A clear sign that the wine is too old and flat for drinking.

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Persistence of the Perlage

Very Persistent

Typical of sparkling wines of the best quality.

Persistent

Typical of carefully made, good quality sparkling wines.

Rather Persistent

Still an acceptable rating for Classic Method (Champenois) wines and good for Charmat Method wines.

Little Persistent

his is due either to technological deficiencies or else the wine is too old.

Faint Persistence

Certain sign of excessive aging, typical of decrepit flat sparkling wines.

Visual ExaminationOlfactory ExaminationTaste Examination


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